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One of the many points of contention between Federalists, who advocated a strong national government, and Anti-Federalists, who wanted power to remain with state and local governments, was the ConstitutionвЂ™s lack of a bill of rights that would place specific limits on government power. Other precursors include English documents such as the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, the English Bill of Rights, and the Massachusetts Body of Liberties. The Bill of Rights was strongly influenced by the Virginia Declaration of Rights, written by George Mason.

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The Fourth Amendment safeguards citizensвЂ™ right to be free from unreasonable government intrusion in their homes through the requirement of a warrant. Congress is prohibited from making laws establishing religion or abridging freedom of speech. For example, the Founders saw the ability to speak and worship freely as a natural right protected by the First Amendment. James MadisonВ wrote the amendments, which list specific prohibitions on governmental power, in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties.

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. What is the Scope of the Bill of Rights? Amendment X The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

How Do Due Process Protections for the Accused Protect Us All? Amendment IX

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In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.Д®xcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation to be confronted with the witnesses against him to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. How Does the Fifth Amendment Protect Property? Amendment VI No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Liberty and Security in Modern Times Amendment V The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

What are the Origins and Interpretations of the Right to Keep and Bear Arms? Amendment III How has Speech Been Both Limited and Expanded, and How Does it Apply to You and Your School? Amendment IIДЄ well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. What is the Significance of the Free Exercise Clause? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

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